The Parisian club has now secured the season-opening cup on fourteen separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic equaliser followed by a perfect penalty shootout to overcome Marseille in Kuwait and capture a fourth straight French Super Cup title.
The European champions appeared to be coasting towards a straightforward triumph in the showdown between the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France holders after Ousmane Dembele found the net early on.
However, the southern French side struck twice late to seize a shock lead. Initially, Mason Greenwood scored from the penalty spot, before the defender inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a vital equaliser in the dying seconds to force the contest into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, stopping crucial kicks from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored with composure for PSG to seal a 4-1 shootout victory.
Now 14-time champions PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now lifted this trophy for the twelfth time in the past thirteen years.